Before we proceed thoroughly, why don’t we talk
first what hydrocarbons are?
The simplest organic compounds are HYDROCARBONS, which
contain only the elements Carbon and Hydrogen. How many different
compounds do you think two elements can form? You might guess that only a few
compounds are possible. However, thousands of hydrocarbons are known, each
containing only the elements Carbon and Hydrogen.
Hydrocarbons are the principal constituents of petroleum and natural gas.
They serve as fuels and lubricants as well as raw materials for the production
of plastics, fibres, rubbers,
solvents, explosives,
and industrial chemicals.
Many hydrocarbons occur in
nature. In addition to making up fossil fuels, they
are present in trees and plants, as,
for example, in the form of pigments called carotenes that
occur in carrots and green leaves. More than 98 percent of natural crude rubber
is a hydrocarbon polymer, a
chainlike molecule consisting
of many units linked together. The structures and chemistry of
individual hydrocarbons depend in large part on the types of chemical bonds
that link together the atoms of
their constituent molecules.
The following are Different Hydrocarbon Compounds and Hydrocarbon Derivatives with their Uses:
The simplest organic compounds are HYDROCARBONS, which
contain only the elements Carbon and Hydrogen. How many different
compounds do you think two elements can form? You might guess that only a few
compounds are possible. However, thousands of hydrocarbons are known, each
containing only the elements Carbon and Hydrogen.
Hydrocarbons are the principal constituents of petroleum and natural gas.
They serve as fuels and lubricants as well as raw materials for the production
of plastics, fibres, rubbers,
solvents, explosives,
and industrial chemicals.
Many hydrocarbons occur in
nature. In addition to making up fossil fuels, they
are present in trees and plants, as,
for example, in the form of pigments called carotenes that
occur in carrots and green leaves. More than 98 percent of natural crude rubber
is a hydrocarbon polymer, a
chainlike molecule consisting
of many units linked together. The structures and chemistry of
individual hydrocarbons depend in large part on the types of chemical bonds
that link together the atoms of
their constituent molecules.
Hydrocarbons in Fuel
Hydrocarbons containing between six and 10
carbon molecules are the top components of most fuels, regardless of whether
they are alkanes, alkenes, or cyclic. In general, these molecules are burned to
produce energy. Burning hydrocarbons requires oxygen. The hydrocarbon and oxygen combine, in a process called combustion, to produce water, carbon
dioxide, and energy. Of course, these molecules are not the only products of
the combustion of hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons that are contaminated with atoms
such as sulfur and nitrogen will also produce nitrogen dioxide and sulfur
dioxide.
Today, many hydrocarbons are obtained from a fossil fuel
called PETROLEUM. Petroleum formed from the remains of microorganisms
that live in Earth's oceans millions of years ago. Over time, the remains
formed thick layers of mud-like deposits on the ocean floor. Heat from earth's
interior and the tremendous pressure of overlying sediments transformed this
mud into oil-rich shale and natural gas. In certain kinds of geological
formations' the petroleum ran out of the shale and collected in pools deep in
Earth’s crust. Natural gas, which is formed at the same time and in the same way
as petroleum, is usually found, with petroleum deposits. Natural gas is
composed primarily of methane-the simplest hydrocarbon but it also contains
small amount of other hydrocarbons that have from 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
Because the structure of different hydrocarbons
can vary so drastically, the properties of each class of molecule vary greatly
as well. In order to help categorize the properties of hydrocarbons, they are
broken up into several basic types.
ALKANES are
organic compounds that consist entirely of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen
atoms and lack any other functional groups.
METHANE is the smallest member of a series of
hydrocarbons known as alkanes. It is used as a fuel in homes and science
laboratories and is a product of many biological processes. Methane is
used in industrial chemical processes and may be transported as a refrigerated
liquid (liquefied natural gas, or LNG). While leaks from a refrigerated
liquid container are initially heavier than air due to the increased density of
the cold gas, the gas at ambient temperature is lighter than air. Gas
pipelines distribute large amounts of natural gas, of which methane is the
principal component.We are all familiar with the use of propane in gas barbecues, lanterns, and as a fuel for internal combustion engines and heating systems. PROPANE also known as LP (liquefied propane) gas
is sold as a fuel for cooking and heating. BUTANE is also a readily available fuel, familiar to everyone in the form of the pocket lighter and used as a fuel in some torches. It is also used in the manufacture of
synthetic rubber.
With pentane,
the saturated hydrocarbons enter the realm of room-temperature liquids. This
makes them useful as organic solvents, cleaners, and transport fuels. Gasoline
for internal combustion engines in cars, trucks, tractors, lawnmowers, and so
on, is rated in combustion properties relative to octane. It is in fact a
combination of liquid hydrocarbons ranging from hexanes to decanes.
ALKENESare
unsaturated compounds that contain at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond.
Another term that is often used to describe alkenes is olefins
Plants produce ETHENE (ETHYLENE)-an alkene, as a natural
ripening hormone. For efficiency in harvesting and transporting products to
market, fruits and vegetables are often pick while unripe and are exposed to
ethene so they will ripen at the same time.
ALKANES are organic compounds that consist entirely of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms and lack any other functional groups.
METHANE is the smallest member of a series of hydrocarbons known as alkanes. It is used as a fuel in homes and science laboratories and is a product of many biological processes. Methane is used in industrial chemical processes and may be transported as a refrigerated liquid (liquefied natural gas, or LNG). While leaks from a refrigerated liquid container are initially heavier than air due to the increased density of the cold gas, the gas at ambient temperature is lighter than air. Gas pipelines distribute large amounts of natural gas, of which methane is the principal component.We are all familiar with the use of propane in gas barbecues, lanterns, and as a fuel for internal combustion engines and heating systems. PROPANE also known as LP (liquefied propane) gas is sold as a fuel for cooking and heating. BUTANE is also a readily available fuel, familiar to everyone in the form of the pocket lighter and used as a fuel in some torches. It is also used in the manufacture of synthetic rubber.
With pentane,
the saturated hydrocarbons enter the realm of room-temperature liquids. This
makes them useful as organic solvents, cleaners, and transport fuels. Gasoline
for internal combustion engines in cars, trucks, tractors, lawnmowers, and so
on, is rated in combustion properties relative to octane. It is in fact a
combination of liquid hydrocarbons ranging from hexanes to decanes.
ALKENESare
unsaturated compounds that contain at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond.
Another term that is often used to describe alkenes is olefins
Plants produce ETHENE (ETHYLENE)-an alkene, as a natural ripening hormone. For efficiency in harvesting and transporting products to market, fruits and vegetables are often pick while unripe and are exposed to ethene so they will ripen at the same time.
It also plays a part in causing leaves to fall from
deciduous trees in preparation for winter. Ethene is also a starting material
for the synthesis of the plastic polyethylene, which is used to manufacture
many products, including plastic bags, rope, and milk jugs. Other alkenes are
responsible for the scents of lemons, limes, and pine trees.
ALKYNES are organic molecules made
of the functional group carbon-carbon triple bonds. They are written in the
empirical formula of CnH2n-2. They are unsaturated hydrocarbons.
ETHYNE-an alkyne, also known as acetylene is a by-product of
oil-refining and is also made in large quantities by the reaction of calcium
carbide (CaC2) with water. When supplied with enough oxygen, ethyne burns with
an intensely hot flame that can reach temperature as high as 3000˚C. Acetylene
torches are commonly used in welding.
The
adjective "AROMATIC" is
used by organic chemists in a rather different way than it is normally applied.
It has its origin in the observation that certain natural substances, such as
cinnamon bark, wintergreen leaves, vanilla beans and anise seeds, contained
fragrant compounds having common but unexpected properties. Cinnamon bark, for
example, yielded a pleasant smelling compound, formula C9H8O, named
cinnamaldehyde
BENZENE, TOLUENE, and XYLENE are aromatic hydrocarbons. They are once used as industrial and laboratory
solvents. However tests have shown that the use of such compounds should be
limited because they can affect the health of people who are exposed to them REGULARLY.
Health risks linked to aromatic compounds includes respiratory ailments, liver
problems, and damage to the nervous system. Beyond these hazards, some aromatic
compounds are carcinogens, which are substances that can cause
cancer.
Yes, there are many uses of Hydrocarbons that makes them
very important in our today's civilization. Without them, it would not be easy
for us to work especially with the use of machines, because many hydrocarbon
derivatives such as petroleum were commonly used as fuel. We just only have to
make it safe in dealing with them. We have to be careful and use them
properly for us and also for the other people to be safe. For example, gasoline
which is a mixture of different hydrocarbons was mainly used as fuel to car
engines. It has different characteristics such as flammability. In order to
reduce the risks of causing fire, we have to store them properly and put them
away from fires that can cause them to blaze up.
Not all hydrocarbons are too much dangerous. The only thing
we have to do is to make every step safe and follow the instructions in
applying the products. And although there are some hydrocarbon that is harmful
to one's health, experts and professionals are playing their important roles to
protect us and other people.
Thank you for reading this blog… I hope you’ve learn
so much about hydrocarbons, all about
their uses and also about everything that they could harm people and how we
could prevent them… Not only I alone, but also with the help of my members so
we were be able to produce this topic. So this
is the end of this blog thanks for everything!
ETHYNE-an alkyne, also known as acetylene is a by-product of oil-refining and is also made in large quantities by the reaction of calcium carbide (CaC2) with water. When supplied with enough oxygen, ethyne burns with an intensely hot flame that can reach temperature as high as 3000˚C. Acetylene torches are commonly used in welding.
The
adjective "AROMATIC" is
used by organic chemists in a rather different way than it is normally applied.
It has its origin in the observation that certain natural substances, such as
cinnamon bark, wintergreen leaves, vanilla beans and anise seeds, contained
fragrant compounds having common but unexpected properties. Cinnamon bark, for
example, yielded a pleasant smelling compound, formula C9H8O, named
cinnamaldehyde
BENZENE, TOLUENE, and XYLENE are aromatic hydrocarbons. They are once used as industrial and laboratory solvents. However tests have shown that the use of such compounds should be limited because they can affect the health of people who are exposed to them REGULARLY. Health risks linked to aromatic compounds includes respiratory ailments, liver problems, and damage to the nervous system. Beyond these hazards, some aromatic compounds are carcinogens, which are substances that can cause cancer.
Yes, there are many uses of Hydrocarbons that makes them
very important in our today's civilization. Without them, it would not be easy
for us to work especially with the use of machines, because many hydrocarbon
derivatives such as petroleum were commonly used as fuel. We just only have to
make it safe in dealing with them. We have to be careful and use them
properly for us and also for the other people to be safe. For example, gasoline
which is a mixture of different hydrocarbons was mainly used as fuel to car
engines. It has different characteristics such as flammability. In order to
reduce the risks of causing fire, we have to store them properly and put them
away from fires that can cause them to blaze up.
Not all hydrocarbons are too much dangerous. The only thing
we have to do is to make every step safe and follow the instructions in
applying the products. And although there are some hydrocarbon that is harmful
to one's health, experts and professionals are playing their important roles to
protect us and other people.
Thank you for reading this blog… I hope you’ve learn
so much about hydrocarbons, all about
their uses and also about everything that they could harm people and how we
could prevent them… Not only I alone, but also with the help of my members so
we were be able to produce this topic. So this
is the end of this blog thanks for everything!